Imingcipheko yendalo yokusebenza kwe-oyile kunye negesi yokomba iyoyikisa, kwaye eyona inzima kukungaqiniseki koxinzelelo lwe-downhole. Ngokutsho koMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe weeKontraka zoKwemba,UKwemba ngoxinzelelo oluLawulwayo (MPD)bubuchule bokomba obuguqukayo obusetyenziselwa ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo uxinzelelo lwe-annular kuwo wonke umthombo. Kule minyaka ingamashumi amahlanu idlulileyo, uninzi lwetekhnoloji kunye neendlela ziye zaphuhliswa kwaye zaphuculwa ukuthomalalisa nokoyisa imicelimngeni eziswa kukungaqiniseki koxinzelelo. Ukusukela ekuqalisweni kwesixhobo sokuqala sokuLawula i-Rotating (RCD) kwihlabathi liphela ngo-1968, i-Weatherford ibe nguvulindlela kushishino.
Njengenkokeli kwishishini le-MPD, i-Weatherford iye yavelisa izisombululo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokwandisa uluhlu kunye nokusetyenziswa kokulawula uxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ulawulo loxinzelelo alukho malunga nokulawula uxinzelelo lwe-annular. Kuya kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo iimeko ezininzi zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo kwihlabathi liphela, ulwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo, kunye nemiceli mngeni kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zamaqula. Ngamashumi eminyaka amava aqokelelweyo, iingcali zobugcisa zenkampani ziyaqonda ukuba inkqubo yokulawula uxinzelelo kufuneka ilungelelaniswe ukujongana nemingeni eyahlukileyo kunokuba ibe yinkqubo yobukhulu obunye kuyo nayiphi na isicelo. Ukukhokelwa ngulo mgaqo, iteknoloji ye-MPD yamanqanaba ahlukeneyo iye yaphuhliswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zeenkampani zokusebenza, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zinzima kangakanani iimeko zabo okanye iimeko ezingqongileyo.
01. Ukudala i-Closed-Loop System usebenzisa i-RCD
I-RCD inikezela zombini isiqinisekiso sokhuseleko kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuhamba, esebenza njengobuchwephesha bokungena kwinqanaba le-MPD. Iqale yaphuhliswa ngeminyaka yee-1960s ukuze isebenze elunxwemeni, ii-RCDs ziyilelwe ukuphambukisa ukuhamba kwamanzi phezu kolwandle.I-BOPukwenza inkqubo yokujikeleza kwe-loop evaliweyo. Inkampani iqhubekile ivelisa kwaye iphucula itekhnoloji ye-RCD, ifumana impumelelo engqinwe ebaleni kwiminyaka emininzi.
Njengoko izicelo zeMPD zisanda kwiinkalo ezinzima (ezifana neendawo ezintsha kunye nemingeni), iimfuno eziphezulu zibekwe kwiinkqubo zeMPD. Oku kuqhubele phambili ukuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji ye-RCD, ngoku ebonisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namaqondo obushushu, kunye nokufumana iziqinisekiso zokusetyenziswa kwiimeko zerhasi ecocekileyo evela kwi-American Petroleum Institute. Umzekelo, i-Weatherford's polyurethane's polyurethane components high-temperature sealing ine-60% ephezulu yeqondo lobushushu xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ezikhoyo ze-polyurethane.
Ngokukhula koshishino lwamandla kunye nophuhliso lweemarike ze-offshore, i-Weatherford iye yavelisa iintlobo ezintsha ze-RCD ukujongana nemingeni ekhethekileyo yeendawo ezingenanto kunye nezinzulu. Ii-RCD ezisetyenziswa kumaqonga okomba akumanzi angekho nzulu zibekwe ngaphezulu komphezulu we-BOP, ngelixa kwiinqanawa zokomba eziguquguqukayo, ii-RCDs ziqhele ukufakwa ngaphantsi kweringi yoxinzelelo njengenxalenye yendibano yokunyuka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba isicelo okanye indawo engqongileyo, i-RCD ihlala iteknoloji ebalulekileyo, igcina uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lwe-annular ngexesha lemisebenzi yokugaya, ukwenza izithintelo ezichasene noxinzelelo, ukuthintela iingozi zokugaya, kunye nokulawula ukuhlasela kwamanzi okubumba.
02. Ukongeza iiValve zokuXhuma zoLawulo loxinzelelo olungcono
Ngelixa ii-RCDs zinokuphambukisa ulwelo olubuyayo, ukukwazi ukulawula ngokusebenzayo iprofayile yoxinzelelo lwequla liphunyezwa ngezixhobo zomphezulu osezantsi, ngakumbi iivalve zokuminxa. Ukudibanisa esi sixhobo kunye nee-RCD zenza iteknoloji ye-MPD, ibonelele ngolawulo olunamandla phezu koxinzelelo lwentloko. Isisombululo se-Weatherford's PressurePro Managed Pressure, xa sisetyenziswe ngokubambisana ne-RCD, siphucula amandla okuqhuba ngelixa uphepha iziganeko ezinxulumene noxinzelelo kwi-downhole.
Le nkqubo isebenzisa i-Human-Machine Interface (HMI) enye ukulawula iivalvu zokuminxa. I-HMI iboniswe kwilaptop kwindlwana yosombiwayo okanye kumgangatho wokuqhuba, ivumela abasebenzi basendle ukuba balawule iivalvu zokukrwitsha ngelixa bebeka iliso kwiiparamitha ezibalulekileyo zokomba. Abaqhubi bafaka ixabiso loxinzelelo olufunwayo, kwaye ke inkqubo ye-PressurePro igcina ngokuzenzekelayo loo xinzelelo ngokulawula i-SBP. Iivalve zokukrwitsha zinokutshintshwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokusekelwe kwiinguqu zoxinzelelo lwe-downhole, okwenza ulungiso olukhawulezayo noluthembekileyo lwenkqubo.
03. Ukuphendula ngokuzenzekelayo kwiiNgozi eziNcitshisiweyo zoKwemba
I-Victus Intelligent MPD Solution ime njengenye yeemveliso ze-MPD ze-Weatherford ezibaluleke kakhulu kunye nobuchwepheshe be-MPD obuphambili kwimarike. Yakhelwe phezu kwe-Weatherford eqolileyo ye-RCD kunye netekhnoloji yevalve yokuminxa, esi sisombululo siphakamisa ukuchaneka, ulawulo, kunye nokuzenzekelayo kumanqanaba angazange abonwe ngaphambili. Ngokudibanisa izixhobo zokugaya izixhobo, kwenza unxibelelwano phakathi koomatshini, uhlalutyo lwexesha langempela leemeko zequla, kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza okuzenzekelayo ukusuka kwindawo ephakathi, ngaloo ndlela kugcinwe ngokuchanekileyo uxinzelelo lwe-bottomhole.
Ngaphambili kwesixhobo, isisombululo se-Victus sonyusa amandla okuhamba kunye nobungakanani bomlinganiselo wobunzima ngokubandakanya iimitha zokuqukuqela kobunzima be-Coriolis kunye ne-manifold eneevalvu ezine ezilawulwa ngokuzimeleyo. Iimodeli eziphucukileyo zehydraulic zithathela ingqalelo amaqondo obushushu obulwelo kunye nokwakheka, ukunyanzeliswa kolwelo, kunye neziphumo zokusikwa kwe-wellbore ukumisela ngokuchanekileyo uxinzelelo lwexesha lokwenyani lomngxuma ongezantsi. I-Artificial Intelligence (AI) i-algorithms yokulawula i-algorithms ichonga i-wellbore anomalies, ilumkisa i-driller kunye nabaqhubi be-MPD, kunye nokuthumela ngokuzenzekelayo imiyalelo yohlengahlengiso kwisixhobo somphezulu we-MPD. Oku kuvumela ukubonwa kwexesha langempela lokungena / ukulahlekelwa kwe-wellbore kwaye kwenza uhlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo kwizixhobo ezisekelwe kwimodeli ye-hydraulic kunye nokulawula okuhlakaniphile, konke ngaphandle kwesidingo sokufakwa ngesandla kubaqhubi. Inkqubo, esekelwe kubalawuli bee-logical logic (PLCs), inokudibanisa ngokulula kuyo nayiphi na indawo kwiqonga lokugaya ukubonelela ngeziseko ezithembekileyo, ezikhuselekileyo ze-MPD.
I-interface yomsebenzisi eyenziwe lula inceda abasebenzisi ukuba bahlale begxile kwiiparamitha eziphambili kwaye bakhuphe izilumkiso zeziganeko zequbuliso. Ukubeka iliso okusekwe kubume kulandelela ukusebenza kwezixhobo zeMPD, kuvumela ulondolozo olusebenzayo. Ingxelo ezenzekelayo ethembekileyo, enjengezishwankathelo zemihla ngemihla okanye uhlalutyo lwasemva komsebenzi, kwandisa ngakumbi ukusebenza kokomba. Kwimisebenzi yamanzi anzulu, ukulawulwa okude nge-interface yomsebenzisi omnye kuququzelela ukufakwa kokunyuka okuzenzekelayo, ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-Annular Isolation Device (AID), ukuvala i-RCD kunye nokuvula, kunye nokulawula indlela yokuhamba. Ukusuka kuyilo lomthombo kunye nokusebenza kwexesha lokwenyani ukuya kwizishwankathelo zasemva komsebenzi, yonke idatha ihlala ingatshintshi. Ulawulo lokubonwa kwexesha lokwenyani kunye novavanyo lobunjineli/imiba yokucwangcisa iphathwa ngeqonga leCENTRO Well Construction Optimization.
Uphuhliso lwangoku lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweemitha zokuqukuqela zoxinzelelo oluphezulu (ezifakelwe kwisinyusi) ukuze kuthathelwe indawo izixhobo zokubala zempompo zokuphucula umlinganiselo wokuhamba. Ngobu buchwepheshe butsha, iipropati ze-rheological kunye neempawu zokuhamba kwezinto ezininzi zolwelo olungena kwisekethe yokugaya i-loop evaliweyo inokuthelekiswa nemilinganiselo yokubuyisela ulwelo. Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli zokulinganisa udaka olunodaka oluphantsi kakhulu, le nkqubo ibonelela ngemodeli ephezulu yehydraulic kunye nedatha yexesha langempela.
04. Ukubonelela ngoLawulo olulula, oluchanekileyo kunye nokuFumana idatha
Ubuchwephesha bePressurePro kunye neVictus zizisombululo eziphuhliswe kwinqanaba lokungena kunye nezicelo zolawulo loxinzelelo oluphezulu, ngokulandelanayo. I-Weatherford yaqaphela ukuba kukho izicelo ezilungele izisombululo eziwela phakathi kwala manqanaba mabini. Isisombululo senkampani samva nje seModus MPD sigcwalisa lo msantsa. Eyilwe kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu okanye indawo ephantsi yobushushu, elunxwemeni, kunye namanzi angekho nzulu, injongo yenkqubo ithe ngqo: ukugxila kwiingenelo zokusebenza kwetekhnoloji yokulawula uxinzelelo, okwenza iinkampani ezisebenzayo ziqhube ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zinciphise uxinzelelo olunxulumene noxinzelelo. imiba.
Isisombululo seModus sibonisa uyilo lwemodyuli yofakelo oluguquguqukayo nolusebenzayo. Izixhobo ezithathu zigcinwe ngaphakathi kwesikhongozeli esinye sokuthumela, zifuna ukunyuswa kube kanye ngexesha lokothulwa kwindawo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iimodyuli zomntu ngamnye zinokususwa kwisingxobo sokuthumela ukuze zibekwe kwindawo ethile ejikeleze iqula.
I-manifold choke yimodyuli enye ezimeleyo, kodwa ukuba kukho imfuneko yokuyifakela ngaphakathi kweziseko ezingundoqo ezikhoyo, inkqubo inokumiswa ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno ezithile zeqonga ngalinye lokomba. Ixhotyiswe ngeevalvu ezimbini zolawulo lwedijithali, inkqubo ivumela ukusetyenziswa okuguquguqukayo nokuba yivalve yokwahlula okanye ukusetyenziswa okudityanisiweyo kumazinga aphezulu okuhamba. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwezivalvu zokukrwitsha luphucula uxinzelelo lwequla kunye nolawulo lwe-Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD), lwenza ukomba olusebenzayo ngakumbi ngoxinano olusezantsi lodaka. I-manifold idibanisa inkqubo yokukhusela uxinzelelo kunye nemibhobho.
Isixhobo sokulinganisa ukuhamba yenye imodyuli. Isebenzisa i-Coriolis flow metre, ilinganisa amazinga okubuya kwamanzi kunye neempawu zolwelo, ezivunywe njengomgangatho woshishino wokuchaneka. Ngedatha yokulinganisela ubunzima obuqhubekayo, abaqhubi banokuchonga ngokukhawuleza utshintsho loxinzelelo lwe-downhole olubonakala ngendlela yokungahambi kakuhle. Ukubonakala kwexesha langempela leemeko zomthombo kunceda iimpendulo ezikhawulezayo kunye nohlengahlengiso, ukujongana nemiba yoxinzelelo ngaphambi kokuba ichaphazele imisebenzi.
Inkqubo yokulawula idijithali ifakwe ngaphakathi kwimodyuli yesithathu kwaye inoxanduva lokulawula idatha kunye nemisebenzi yokulinganisa kunye nokulawula izixhobo. Eli qonga ledijithali lisebenza nge-HMI yelaptop, evumela abaqhubi ukuba bajonge iimeko zokulinganisa ngeentsingiselo zembali kunye noxinzelelo lolawulo ngesoftware yedijithali. Iitshathi eziboniswe kwisikrini zibonelela ngeemeko zexesha langempela leemeko ze-downhole, ezivumela ukwenza izigqibo ezingcono kunye neempendulo ezikhawulezayo ezisekelwe kwidatha. Xa usebenza kwimodi yoxinzelelo lwe-bottomhole rhoqo, inkqubo inokusebenzisa ngokukhawuleza uxinzelelo ngexesha lokudibanisa. Ngokucofa iqhosha elilula, inkqubo ilungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo iivalve zokukrwitsha ukuze zifake uxinzelelo olufunekayo kwiqula, ukugcina uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lwe-downhole ngaphandle kokuhamba. Idatha efanelekileyo iyaqokelelwa, igcinwe ukuhlalutya emva komsebenzi, kwaye ihanjiswe ngeNkqubo yoThutho lweNgcaciso ye-Well (WITS) ujongano lokujongwa kwiqonga le-CENTRO.
Ngokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo uxinzelelo, isisombululo seModus sinokusabela ngokukhawuleza kwiinguqu zoxinzelelo lwe-downhole, ukukhusela abasebenzi, i-wellbore, indawo engqongileyo kunye nezinye izinto. Njengenxalenye yenkqubo yengqibelelo ye-wellbore, isisombululo se-Modus silawula i-Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD), inika indlela ethembekileyo yokuphucula ukhuseleko lokusebenza kunye nokukhusela ukunyaniseka kokubumba, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa ukugaya okukhuselekileyo ngaphakathi kweefestile ezikhuselekileyo ezikhuselekileyo ezineenguqu ezininzi kunye nokungaziwa.
I-Weatherford ixhomekeke kwiminyaka engama-50 yamava, amawaka emisebenzi, kunye nezigidi zeeyure zexesha lokusebenza ukushwankathela iindlela ezithembekileyo, ukutsala inkampani esebenza e-Ohio ukuba isebenzise isisombululo seModus. Kwindawo yase-Utica Shale, inkampani esebenzayo yayidinga ukugrumba umngxuma we-intshi we-8.5-intshi ukuya kubunzulu boyilo ukuhlangabezana neendleko ezigunyazisiweyo zenkcitho.
Xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elicwangcisiweyo lokugaya, isisombululo seModus sanciphisa ixesha lokugaya nge-60%, ukugqiba icandelo lonke lomthombo kuhambo olunye. Undoqo kule mpumelelo ibikukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha beMPD ukugcina ingxinano yodaka esemgangathweni ngaphakathi kwecandelo eliyiliweyo elithe tye, ukunciphisa ilahleko yoxinzelelo olujikelezayo. Injongo yayikukuphepha umonakalo onokwenzeka wokubunjwa ukusuka kudaka olunoxinaniso oluphezulu ekubunjweni kunye neeprofayili zoxinzelelo ezingaqinisekanga.
Ngexesha loyilo olusisiseko kunye nezigaba zoyilo lolwakhiwo, iingcaphephe zobuchwephesha ze-Weatherford ziye zasebenzisana nenkampani esebenzayo ukuchaza umda wequla elithe tye kunye nokumisela iinjongo zokomba. Iqela lichonge iimfuno laza lenza isicwangciso sonikezelo lwenkonzo esisemgangathweni esingalungelelanisi nje ukwenziwa kweprojekthi nolungiselelo kodwa sanciphisa iindleko zizonke. Iinjineli zeWeatherford zicebise isisombululo seModus njengolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwinkampani esebenzayo.
Emva kokugqiba uyilo, abasebenzi base-Weatherford baqhube uphando lwesayithi e-Ohio, bevumela iqela lendawo ukuba lilungiselele indawo yokusebenza kunye nommandla wendibano kunye nokuchonga kunye nokuphelisa iingozi ezinokuthi zibe khona. Ngeli xesha, iingcali ezivela eTexas zavavanya izixhobo ngaphambi kokuba zithunyelwe. La maqela mabini agcina unxibelelwano oluqhubekayo kunye nenkampani esebenzayo ukulungelelanisa ukuhanjiswa kwezixhobo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Emva kokuba izixhobo ze-Modus MPD zifikile kwindawo yokugaya, ukufakela ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugunyaziswa kwenziwa, kwaye iqela le-Weatherford likhawuleza lihlengahlengise i-MPD yokusebenza kwesakhiwo ukuze kulungiswe utshintsho kwi-design drilling yenkampani esebenzayo.
05. KwiSiza isicelo esiphumeleleyo
Noko ke, kamsinya nje emva kokuba libekwe iqula, kwabonakala iimpawu zokuvaleka kumthombo. Emva kokuxoxa nenkampani esebenzayo, iqela leMPD leWeatherford libonelele ngesicwangciso samva nje sokusebenza ukulungisa lo mba. Isisombululo esikhethiweyo kukunyusa umva ngelixa uphakamisa ngokukhawuleza ubuninzi bodaka nge-0.5ppg (0.06 SG). Oku kwavumela isixhobo sokugrumba ukuba siqhubeke nokugrumba ngaphandle kokulinda uhlengahlengiso lodaka kwaye ngaphandle kokwandisa kakhulu ingxinano yodaka. Ngolu lungelelaniso, indibano efanayo yokugaya i-bottom hole yayisetyenziselwa ukugrumba ukuya kubunzulu obujoliswe kuyo becandelo elithe tye kuhambo olunye.
Ngalo lonke ixesha lokusebenza, isisombululo seModus sijonge ngokunyanisekileyo ukungena kwe-wellbore kunye nelahleko, ivumela inkampani esebenzayo ukuba isebenzise ulwelo lokomba kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-barite. Njengomncedi kudaka oluxineneyo olusezantsi kumthombo, itekhnoloji ye-Modus MPD isebenze ngokusebenzayo ucinezelo lwangasemva kwintloko yomthombo ukuze ilawuleke ngokulula iimeko zomngxuma oguqukayo. Iindlela zesiNtu zidla ngokuthatha iiyure okanye usuku ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa ukuxinana kodaka.
Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yeModus, inkampani esebenzayo yaqhubela kubunzulu obujoliswe kuyo kwiintsuku ezisithoba ngaphambi kweentsuku zoyilo (iintsuku ezili-15). Ukongezelela, ngokunciphisa ubuninzi bodaka nge-1.0 ppg (0.12 SG) kunye nokulungelelanisa i-backpressure ukulinganisa i-downhole kunye noxinzelelo lokubumba, inkampani yokusebenza yanciphisa iindleko zizonke. Ngesi sisombululo se-Weatherford, icandelo elithe tyaba leemitha ezili-18,000 (iimitha ezingama-5486) lagrunjwa kuhambo olunye, linyusa uMyinge weMechanical wePenetration (ROP) nge-18% xa kuthelekiswa namaqula aqhelekileyo akufutshane.
06.Umbono ngekamva le-MPD Technology
Iimeko ezibalulwe ngasentla, apho ixabiso lenziwa ngokwandisa ukusebenza, ngumzekelo nje omnye wosetyenziso olubanzi lwesisombululo seModus yeWeatherford. Ngo-2024, ibhetshi yeenkqubo iya kuthunyelwa kwihlabathi jikelele ukwandisa ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha bolawulo loxinzelelo, ukuvumela ezinye iinkampani ezisebenzayo ukuba ziqonde kwaye zifezekise ixabiso lexesha elide kunye neemeko ezimbalwa ezinzima kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wokwakhiwa kwamaqula.
Kwiminyaka emininzi, ishishini lamandla lisebenzise kuphela iteknoloji yokulawula uxinzelelo ngexesha lomsebenzi wokugaya. I-Weatherford inembono eyahlukileyo kulawulo loxinzelelo. Sisisombululo sophuculo sokusebenza esisebenza kwiindidi ezininzi, ukuba azikho zonke, zemithombo yeoli, kubandakanywa amaqula axwesileyo, amaqula akhomba indlela, amaqula ophuhliso, amaqula anamacala amaninzi, nokunye. Ngokuphinda uchaze iinjongo ezinokuthi ukulawulwa koxinzelelo kwi-wellbore kufikeleleke, kubandakanywa i-cementing, i-casing casing, kunye neminye imisebenzi, yonke into iyazuza kwi-wellbore ezinzileyo, ukuphepha ukuwa kwe-wellbore kunye nomonakalo wokwakheka ngelixa ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Umzekelo, ukulawula uxinzelelo ngexesha lokufakwa kwesamente kuvumela iinkampani ezisebenzayo ukuba zijongane ngakumbi neziganeko ze-downhole ezifana nokungena kunye nelahleko, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo. Isamente elawulwa luxinzelelo iyasebenza kakhulu kumaqula aneefestile zokomba ezimxinwa, ulwakhiwo olubuthathaka, okanye imida emincinci. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokulawula uxinzelelo kunye nobuchwepheshe ngexesha lokugqiba imisebenzi livumela ukulawula uxinzelelo olulula ngexesha lokufakwa kwezixhobo zokugqiba, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa ingozi.
Ulawulo olungcono loxinzelelo kwiifestile zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo kwaye zisebenza kuwo onke amaqula kunye nokusebenza. Ngokuvela okuqhubekayo kwezisombululo zeModus kunye neenkqubo zokulawula uxinzelelo ezilungiselelwe izicelo ezahlukeneyo, ukulawulwa koxinzelelo kwimithombo yeoli eninzi ngoku kunokwenzeka. Izisombululo ze-Weatherford zinokubonelela ngolawulo loxinzelelo olubanzi, ukunciphisa iingozi, ukuphucula umgangatho we-wellbore, ukwandisa uzinzo, kunye nokuphucula imveliso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-20-2024